But it was the Romans who embraced this concept, added a new dimension to it and implementing it on such a large scale that grid-based settlements became commonplace. Grid-based citiesĪgain, the Romans were not the first to invent grid-based establishments and cities, and the earliest basic grid planning dates as far back as the ancient Indus city of Mahjong Daro and Harappa in Pakistan. In fact, it was the only known method for putting a roof on a building without the use of support beams. Roman arches were later used in the Middle Ages when some of the most magnificent cathedrals in history were built. Many bridges were built upon these arches, and so were the aqueducts, sewers, amphitheaters, and even the great Colosseum. These arches went on to become pivotal engineering constructions that laid the foundation for many of the subsequent structural highlights of ancient Rome. It was the Romans who first found a way to set an arch on top of two tall pedestals such that it would span a walkway (and in many cases, even highways). Even though the first use of this incredible architectural invention predates even the earliest years of the Roman civilization, the arch truly became an essential structure in the general architecture paradigm once the Romans adapted it to their own designs.
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